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The patterns guide design modifications, aiming to reduce the drag. This task is known as streamlining , and the resulting design is referred to as being streamlined . Streamlined objects and organisms, like airfoils , streamliners , cars and dolphins are often aesthetically pleasing to the eye.
As the sun does not heat the Earth evenly, there is a temperature difference between the poles and the equator, creating air masses with more or less homogeneous temperature with latitude. Differences in atmospheric pressure are also at the origin of the general atmospheric circulation while the air masses are separated by ribbons where ...
In aerodynamics, air is assumed to be a Newtonian fluid, which posits a linear relationship between the shear stress (due to internal friction forces) and the rate of strain of the fluid. The equation above is a vector equation in a three-dimensional flow, but it can be expressed as three scalar equations in three coordinate directions.
Skin friction arises from the friction of the fluid against the "skin" of the object that is moving through it and forms a vector at each point on the surface. A skin friction line is a curve on the surface tangent to skin friction vectors. A limit streamline is a streamline where the distance normal to the surface tends to zero. Limit ...
The solar intensity decreases as the latitude increases, reaching essentially zero at the poles. Longitudinal circulation, however, is a result of the heat capacity of water, its absorptivity, and its mixing. Water absorbs more heat than does the land, but its temperature does not rise as greatly as does the land.
The ACC connects all the ocean basins together, and also provides a link between the atmosphere and the deep ocean due to the way water upwells and downwells on either side of it. Ocean currents are patterns of water movement that influence climate zones and weather patterns around the world.
The global climate models used for climate projections are similar in structure to (and often share computer code with) numerical models for weather prediction, but are nonetheless logically distinct. Most weather forecasting is done on the basis of interpreting numerical model results. Since forecasts are typically a few days or a week and sea ...
The expansion of the Hadley circulation due to climate change is connected to changes in regional and global weather patterns. [119] A widening of the tropics could displace the tropical rain belt , expand subtropical deserts, and exacerbate wildfires and drought. [ 120 ]