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  2. Plasma osmolality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_Osmolality

    Whereas osmolality (with an "l") is defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg or Osm/kg), osmolarity (with an "r") is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). As such, larger numbers indicate a greater concentration of solutes in the plasma.

  3. Osmotic concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_concentration

    c a is the solute concentration in g/ml – not to be confused with the density of dried plasma According to IUPAC, osmolality is the quotient of the negative natural logarithm of the rational activity of water and the molar mass of water, whereas osmolarity is the product of the osmolality and the mass density of water (also known as osmotic ...

  4. Urine osmolality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_osmolality

    Urine osmolality in humans can range from approximately 50 to 1200 mOsm/kg, depending on whether the person has recently drunk a large quantity of water (the lower number) or has gone without water for a long time (the higher number). [2] Plasma osmolality with typical fluid intake often averages approximately 290 mOsm/kg H 2 O in humans. [2]

  5. Osmotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotherapy

    Normal serum osmolality ranges from 280 to 290 mOsm/kg and serum osmolality to cause water removal from brain without much side effects ranges from 300 to 320 mOsm/kg. Usually, 90 mL of space is created in the intracranial vault by 1.6% reduction in brain water content. [1] Osmotherapy has cerebral dehydrating effects. [2]

  6. Osmol gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmol_gap

    The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...

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  9. Fluid deprivation test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_deprivation_test

    Urine osmolality in mOsm/kg, after fluid deprivation [3] After desmopressin [3] or vasopressin; Normal > 800 > 800 (<10% increase) a defect in ADH production (central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus) < 300 > 800 (>50% increase) a defect in the kidneys' response to ADH production (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) < 300 < 500 (<50% increase)