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Materials science is a highly active area of research. Together with materials science departments, physics, chemistry, and many engineering departments are involved in materials research. Materials research covers a broad range of topics; the following non-exhaustive list highlights a few important research areas.
Ceramic engineering: The science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials Composite material: The science and engineering of structured materials composed of two or more macroscopic phases Computational materials science: The use of modeling, simulation, theory, and informatics to understand materials
Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction. London: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32013-7. Yao, N, ed. (2007). Focused Ion Beam Systems: Basics and Applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83199-4
Characterization, when used in materials science, refers to the broad and general process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained.
A fundamental requirement to meet the ambitious ICME objective of designing materials for specific products resp. components is an integrative and interdisciplinary computational description of the history of the component starting from the sound initial condition of a homogeneous, isotropic and stress free melt resp. gas phase and continuing via subsequent processing steps and eventually ...
For example, low temperature derived inorganic materials are often amorphous or crystallinity is only observed on a very small length scale, i.e. the nanometer range. An example of the latter is the formation of metal nanoparticles in organic or inorganic matrices by reduction of metal salts or organometallic precursors.
In China, for example, with the former specializing in nuclear power research (i.e. nuclear engineering), and the latter closer to engineering physics. [5] In some universities and their institutions, an engineering (or applied) physics major is a discipline or specialization within the scope of engineering science, or applied science. [6] [7 ...
There are several examples of FGMs in nature, including bamboo and bone, which alter their microstructure to create a material property gradient. [3] In biological materials, the gradients can be produced through changes in the chemical composition, structure, interfaces, and through the presence of gradients spanning multiple length scales.