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2. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Whether a gemstone is a natural stone or synthetic, the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics are the same: They are composed of the same mineral and are colored by the same trace materials, have the same hardness and density and strength, and show the same color spectrum, refractive index, and birefringence (if any). Lab-created ...

3. Agate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agate

   Agate (/ ˈ æ ɡ ɪ t / AG-it) is a variety of chalcedony, [1] which comes in a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks.The ornamental use of agate was common in ancient Greece, in assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek warriors, [2] while bead necklaces with pierced and polished agate date back to the 3rd millennium BCE in the Indus ...

4. List of decorative stones - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decorative_stones

   Natural stone is used as architectural stone (construction, flooring, cladding, counter tops, curbing, etc.) and as raw block and monument stone for the funerary trade. Natural stone is also used in custom stone engraving. The engraved stone can be either decorative or functional. Natural memorial stones are used as natural burial markers.

5. Maharaja of Indore Necklace - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_of_Indore_Necklace

   The centre of the lower strand holds a large 44.84 carat emerald supporting a pendant which itself holds five smaller emeralds. The central emerald is cut in traditional Indian style, with the original stone's faces simply rounded off and polished, and the stone attached to the chain of the necklace by means of a hole drilled through the centre.

6. Jade - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade

   Main jade producing countries. Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminum in the pyroxene group of minerals). [1]

7. Hope Diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Diamond

   The Hope Diamond is a large, 45.52-carat (9.104 g; 0.3211 oz), [a] [7] [8] [9] deep-blue diamond, studded in a pendant Toison d ’or. [1] It is a dark greyish-blue color under ordinary light due to trace amounts of boron within its crystal structure, and it exhibits a red phosphorescence under exposure to ultraviolet light.