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The Hum is a name often given to widespread reports of a persistent and invasive low-frequency humming, rumbling, or droning noise audible to many but not all people. Hums have been reported all over the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada.
The tympanic reflex helps prevent damage to the inner ear by muffling the transmission of low frequency vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. The reflex has a response time of 40 milliseconds, not fast enough to protect the ear from sudden loud noises such as an explosion or gunshot.
Musth rumble – distinctive, low-frequency pulsated rumble emitted by musth males (nicknamed the "motorcycle"). Female chorus – a low-frequency, modulated chorus produced by several cows in response to a musth rumble. Postcopulatory call – made by an oestrous cow after mating.
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, [1] stapedial reflex, [2] auditory reflex, [3] middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), [4] attenuation reflex, [5] cochleostapedial reflex [6] or intra-aural reflex [6]) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
Seismic energy transmits most efficiently between 10–40 Hz, i.e. in the same range as the fundamental frequency and 2nd harmonic of an elephant rumble. [50] For Asian elephants, these calls have a frequency of 14–24 Hz, with sound pressure levels of 85–90 dB and last 10–15 seconds. [51]
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone , stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ( eardrum ).
Cochlear hydrops preferentially affects the apex of the cochlea where low-frequency sounds are interpreted. Due to the fluid imbalance in this area, parts of the cochlea are stretched or under more tension than usual, which can lead to distortions of sound, changes in pitch perception, or hearing loss, all usually in the low frequencies.
The hair cells near the helicotrema are at higher risk of acoustic trauma than those in most other parts of the cochlea. [5] It is also important during ear surgery. [6] When pressure is placed on the perilymph in the cochlea, it reduces pressure and prevents damage to the organ of Corti.