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The anti-spiritual pollution campaign was propelled by conservative factions of the Chinese Communist Party, notably Deng Liqin, in the fall of 1983. The campaign was part of a backlash against growing intellectual discourse promoting humanism and civil rights and other manifestations of "bourgeois liberalism." [8] [17] 1983–1987: Party ...
The word is made up of two Chinese morphemes, 白 (pinyin: bái, "white") and 左 (pinyin: zuǒ, "left"). [1] Although the word is most commonly used in its literal sense, it can also be used to mean idiotic or morally naive liberals regardless of ethnicity. [2] It is believed that the word came from China's netizens. [2]
While the English word usually has a pejorative connotation, the Chinese word xuānchuán (宣传 "propaganda; publicity", composed of xuan 宣 "declare; proclaim; announce" and chuan 傳 or 传 "pass; hand down; impart; teach; spread; infect; be contagious" [5]) The term can have either a neutral connotation in official government contexts or a pejorative one in informal contexts.
The Anti-Rightist Campaign (simplified Chinese: 反右运动; traditional Chinese: 反右運動; pinyin: Fǎnyòu Yùndòng) in the People's Republic of China, which lasted from 1957 to roughly 1959, was a political campaign to purge alleged "Rightists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the country as a whole.
The "Five Black Categories" (Chinese: 黑五类; pinyin: Hēiwǔlèi) were classifications of political identity and social status in Mao era (1949–1976) of the People's Republic of China, especially during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976); these categories include landlords, rich farmers, counter-revolutionaries, bad influencers and rightists.
"Long Live Comrade Mao for Ten Thousand Years" (simplified Chinese: 万岁毛主席; traditional Chinese: 萬歲毛主席; pinyin: Wànsuì máo zhǔxí) variously known in English as Long Live Chairman Mao for Ten Thousand Years or simply Long Live Chairman Mao! is a Chinese patriotic song popularised during the Cultural Revolution.
The Chinese Communist Party, feeling increasingly threatened by the movement and the increasingly drastic lengths to which protesters would go in order to advocate political reform, sought to institute the Patriotic Education Campaign to combat the rising wave of anti-Party sentiment associated with the movement. [14]
They insisted that the refutation of anti-party and anti-socialist rhetoric should happen on the theoretical level and must rely on reasoning. Instead of posting big-character posters, they encouraged people to lead small group discussions and write small-character posters ( xiaozibao ) and critical essays, since big plenary sessions could not ...