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In machine learning, hyperparameter optimization [1] or tuning is the problem of choosing a set of optimal hyperparameters for a learning algorithm. A hyperparameter is a parameter whose value is used to control the learning process, which must be configured before the process starts. [2] Hyperparameter optimization determines the set of ...
In machine learning, a hyperparameter is a parameter that can be set in order to define any configurable part of a model's learning process. Hyperparameters can be classified as either model hyperparameters (such as the topology and size of a neural network) or algorithm hyperparameters (such as the learning rate and the batch size of an optimizer).
In the adaptive control literature, the learning rate is commonly referred to as gain. [2] In setting a learning rate, there is a trade-off between the rate of convergence and overshooting. While the descent direction is usually determined from the gradient of the loss function, the learning rate determines how big a step is taken in that ...
A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]
In deep learning, fine-tuning is an approach to transfer learning in which the parameters of a pre-trained neural network model are trained on new data. [1] Fine-tuning can be done on the entire neural network, or on only a subset of its layers, in which case the layers that are not being fine-tuned are "frozen" (i.e., not changed during backpropagation). [2]
Keras is an open-source library that provides a Python interface for artificial neural networks. Keras was first independent software, then integrated into the TensorFlow library , and later supporting more.
While other RL algorithms require hyperparameter tuning, PPO comparatively does not require as much (0.2 for epsilon can be used in most cases). [15] Also, PPO does not require sophisticated optimization techniques. It can be easily practiced with standard deep learning frameworks and generalized to a broad range of tasks.
A conceptually simple extension of stochastic gradient descent makes the learning rate a decreasing function η t of the iteration number t, giving a learning rate schedule, so that the first iterations cause large changes in the parameters, while the later ones do only fine-tuning.