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The Chézy formula describes mean flow velocity in turbulent open channel flow and is used broadly in fields related to fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics. Open channels refer to any open conduit, such as rivers, ditches, canals, or partially full pipes. The Chézy formula is defined for uniform equilibrium and non-uniform, gradually varied flows.
In fluid mechanics and hydraulics, open-channel flow is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel. [1] [2] The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe flow.
The Chézy equation is a pioneering formula in the field of fluid mechanics, and was expanded and modified by Irish engineer Robert Manning in 1889 [1] as the Manning formula. The Chézy formula concerns the velocity of water flowing through conduits and is widely celebrated for its use in open channel flow calculations. [ 2 ]
The wall shear stress τ is dependent on the flow velocity u, they can be related by using e.g. the Darcy–Weisbach equation, Manning formula or Chézy formula. Further, equation ( 1 ) is the continuity equation , expressing conservation of water volume for this incompressible homogeneous fluid.
If more than one formula is applicable in the flow regime under consideration, the choice of formula may be influenced by one or more of the following: Required accuracy; Speed of computation required; Available computational technology: calculator (minimize keystrokes) spreadsheet (single-cell formula) programming/scripting language (subroutine).
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1747 – Jean le Rond d'Alembert's formula for the solutions of the wave equation in a string gets published. [14] 1752 – D'Alembert show an inconsistency of treating fluids as inviscid incompressible fluids, known as d'Alembert's paradox. 1757 – Euler introduces the Euler equations of fluid dynamics for incompressible and non-viscous flow.