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In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which involves a multivariable function and one or more of its partial derivatives.. The function is often thought of as an "unknown" that solves the equation, similar to how x is thought of as an unknown number solving, e.g., an algebraic equation like x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0.
Thus it cannot be used directly on purely elliptic partial differential equations, such as Laplace's equation. However, MOL has been used to solve Laplace's equation by using the method of false transients. [1] [8] In this method, a time derivative of the dependent variable is added to Laplace’s equation. Finite differences are then used to ...
A parabolic partial differential equation is a type of partial differential equation (PDE). Parabolic PDEs are used to describe a wide variety of time-dependent phenomena in, i.a., engineering science, quantum mechanics and financial mathematics. Examples include the heat equation, time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Black–Scholes ...
For an arbitrary system of ODEs, a set of solutions (), …, are said to be linearly-independent if: + … + = is satisfied only for = … = =.A second-order differential equation ¨ = (,, ˙) may be converted into a system of first order linear differential equations by defining = ˙, which gives us the first-order system:
The simplest example of a second-order linear elliptic PDE is the Laplace equation, in which a i,j is zero if i ≠ j and is one otherwise, and where b i = c = f = 0. The Poisson equation is a slightly more general second-order linear elliptic PDE, in which f is not required to vanish.
Reduction of order (or d’Alembert reduction) is a technique in mathematics for solving second-order linear ordinary differential equations. It is employed when one solution y 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle y_{1}(x)} is known and a second linearly independent solution y 2 ( x ) {\displaystyle y_{2}(x)} is desired.
The analytical method of separation of variables for solving partial differential equations has also been generalized into a computational method of decomposition in invariant structures that can be used to solve systems of partial differential equations.
The Lax–Wendroff method, named after Peter Lax and Burton Wendroff, [1] is a numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations, based on finite differences. It is second-order accurate in both space and time.