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Orthology (biology) - homologous sequences originate from the same ancestors (homolog e.g. all globin protein), which are separated from each other after a speciation event, e.g. human beta and chimp beta globin. An orthologous gene is a gene in different species that evolved from a common ancestor by speciation.
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene ...
Original mapping by John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854, which is a classical case of using human geography. Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography which studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which include urban sprawl and urban ...
Homology (anthropology), analogy between human beliefs, practices or artifacts owing to genetic or historical connections; Homology (psychology), behavioral characteristics that have common origins in either evolution or development
The now fairly distinct differences between the subfields of physical and human geography have developed at a later date. This connection between both physical and human properties of geography is most apparent in the theory of environmental determinism , made popular in the 19th century by Carl Ritter and others, and has close links to the ...
This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...
Human geography – one of the two main subfields of geography is the study of human use and understanding of the world and the processes that have affected it. Human geography broadly differs from physical geography in that it focuses on the built environment and how space is created, viewed, and managed by humans, as well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy.
The four traditions of geography have been widely used to teach geography in the classroom as a compromise between a single definition and memorization of many distinct sub-themes. [2] [5] There are many competing methods to organize geography. [6] The original four traditions have had several proposed changes. [5] [6]