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Orange—whole, halved, and peeled segment. The orange, also called sweet orange to distinguish it from the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium), is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae. Botanically, this is the hybrid Citrus × sinensis, between the pomelo (Citrus maxima) and the mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata).
According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, world production of all citrus fruits in 2016 was 124 million tonnes, with about half of this production as oranges. [36] At US $15.2 billion equivalent in 2018, citrus trade [ 37 ] makes up nearly half of the world fruit trade, which was US$32.1 billion that year. [ 38 ]
Orange blossom essence is an important component in the making of perfume. Orange blossom petals can also be made into a delicately citrus-scented counterpart to rosewater, known as "orange blossom water" or "orange flower water". It is a common ingredient in French and Middle Eastern cuisines, especially in desserts and baked goods.
The name mandarin orange is a calque of Swedish mandarin apelsin [apelsin from German Apfelsine (Apfel + Sina), meaning Chinese apple], first attested in the 18th century. The Imperial Chinese term "mandarine" was first adopted by the French for this fruit. The reason for the epithet is not clear. [1]
Orange identifies various species of trees, some with edible fruit and some not. Citrus sinensis includes many of the cultivated oranges used for their fruit, the common supermarket orange . Other species called oranges include:
The word "orange" entered Middle English from Old French and Anglo-Norman orenge. [2] The earliest recorded use of the word in English is from the 13th century and referred to the fruit. The first recorded use of "orange" as a colour name in English was in 1502, in a description of clothing purchased for Margaret Tudor.
A clementine is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange and a sweet orange, named in honour of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. First Lady Anadomikan Citrus × iyo: Florentine citron
The tangerine is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in color, that is considered either a variety of Citrus reticulata, the mandarin orange, or a closely related species, under the name Citrus tangerina, [1] [2] [3] or yet as a hybrid (Citrus × tangerina) of mandarin orange varieties, with some pomelo contribution.