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In mathematics, an empty sum, or nullary sum, [1] is a summation where the number of terms is zero. The natural way to extend non-empty sums [2] ...
In mathematics, the empty set or void set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero. [1] Some axiomatic set theories ensure that the empty set exists by including an axiom of empty set , while in other theories, its existence can be deduced.
In mathematics, an empty product, or nullary product or vacuous product, is the result of multiplying no factors.It is by convention equal to the multiplicative identity (assuming there is an identity for the multiplication operation in question), just as the empty sum—the result of adding no numbers—is by convention zero, or the additive identity.
A zero-sum game is also called a strictly competitive game, while non-zero-sum games can be either competitive or non-competitive. Zero-sum games are most often solved with the minimax theorem which is closely related to linear programming duality, [5] or with Nash equilibrium. Prisoner's Dilemma is a classic non-zero-sum game. [6]
The cardinality of the natural numbers is ℵ 0 (read aleph-nought, aleph-zero, or aleph-null), the next larger cardinality of a well-ordered set is aleph-one ℵ 1, then ℵ 2 and so on. Continuing in this manner, it is possible to define a cardinal number ℵ α for every ordinal number α, as described below.
In a vector space, the null vector is the neutral element of vector addition; depending on the context, a null vector may also be a vector mapped to some null by a function under consideration (such as a quadratic form coming with the vector space, see null vector, a linear mapping given as matrix product or dot product, [4] a seminorm in a ...
Unless otherwise noted, all fatality statistics are the sum of total fatalities from 2003 to 2022 (the most recent data available). This story was produced by TruckInfo.net and reviewed and ...
The presence of null values leads to three-valued logic. No longer is a condition either true or false, but it can be undetermined. Any computation including a null value delivers a null result. [92] In mathematics, there is no "positive zero" or "negative zero" distinct from zero; both −0 and +0 represent exactly the same number.