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In humans, isobutyric acid is a minor product of the gut microbiome and can also be produced by metabolism of its esters found in food. [13] It has a characteristic odor like rancid butter [ 14 ] (4-carbon organic compounds take the root, butyl, which is in turn from butyric which is in turn from the Latin word for butter and the Greek ...
Butyrate has numerous effects on energy homeostasis and related diseases (diabetes and obesity), inflammation, and immune function (e.g., it has pronounced antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic effects) in humans. These effects occur through its metabolism by mitochondria to generate ATP during fatty acid metabolism or through one or more of its ...
The chemical compound isobutyl acetate, also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate (IUPAC name) or β-methylpropyl acetate, is a common solvent. It is produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid. It is used as a solvent for lacquer and nitrocellulose.
The effect of the tert-butyl group on the progress of a chemical reaction is called the Thorpe–Ingold effect illustrated in the Diels-Alder reaction below. Compared to a hydrogen substituent, the tert-butyl substituent accelerates the reaction rate by a factor of 240. [2] tert-Butyl effect. The tert-butyl effect is an example of steric hindrance.
1-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or n-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C 4 H 9 OH and a linear structure. Isomers of 1-butanol are isobutanol, butan-2-ol and tert-butanol. The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer.
Exposure in humans to significant quantities of sec-butyl acetate can cause irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, nose, and skin. [8] Ingestion and inhalation of sec -butyl acetate can cause central nervous system depression producing symptoms of dizziness and disorientation.
Isovaleric acid, also known as 3-methylbutanoic acid or β-methylbutyric acid, is a branched-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CO 2 H. It is classified as a short-chain fatty acid. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor. The compound occurs naturally and can be found in ...
Side effects of isoprenaline include rapid heart beat, heart palpitations, and arrhythmias, among others. [9] Isoprenaline is a selective agonist of the β-adrenergic receptors, including both the β 1-and β 2-adrenergic receptors. [9] By activating these receptors, it increases heart rate and the force of heart contractions. [10]