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Plant disease resistance is the ability of a plant to prevent and terminate infections from plant pathogens. Structures that help plants prevent pathogens from entering are the cuticular layer, cell walls, and stomata guard cells. Once pathogens have overcome these barriers, plant receptors initiate signaling pathways to create molecules to ...
Xanthomonas (from greek: xanthos – "yellow"; monas – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. [1] There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
The bacteria tend to be seed-borne, and are dispersed between plants by rain splash. [18] Although it is a plant pathogen, it can also live as a saprotroph in the phyllosphere when conditions are not favourable for disease. [19] Some saprotrophic strains of P. syringae have been used as biocontrol agents against postharvest rots. [20]
Gene-for-gene patterns control the interactions between the Xanthomonas campestris, a bacterial pathogen, and plants. Avr genes are a group of genes that impact the specificity of the interaction between the bacteria and the plant host. When either these bacterial genes or a plant's resistance genes to the pathogen are not present, the ...
Most bacteria associated with plants are saprotrophic and do no harm to the plant itself. However, a small number, around 100 known species, cause disease, especially in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. [15] [page needed] Most plant pathogenic bacteria are bacilli. Erwinia uses cell wall–degrading enzymes to cause soft rot.
Theories include: the bacteria might induce systemic resistance in the host plant, so it can better resist attack by a true pathogen; the bacteria might outcompete other (pathogenic) soil microbes, e.g. by siderophores giving a competitive advantage at scavenging for iron; the bacteria might produce compounds antagonistic to other soil microbes ...
Rice plants become infected with Xanthomonas oryzae through rice seed, stem and roots that are left behind at harvest, as well as alternative weed hosts. X. oryzae lives on dead plants and seeds and probably moves plant-to-plant best through pattywater from irrigation or storms. Upon introduction to the host plant, the bacterium infiltrates the ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown-gall disease in plants. The disease is characterised by a tumour-like growth or gall on the infected plant, often at the junction between the root and the shoot. Tumors are incited by the conjugative transfer of a DNA segment from the bacterial tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid.