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The mineralocorticoid receptor (or MR, MLR, MCR), also known as the aldosterone receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2, (NR3C2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR3C2 gene that is located on chromosome 4q31.1-31.2. [5] MR is a receptor with equal affinity for mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.
The name mineralocorticoid derives from early observations that these hormones were involved in the retention of sodium, a mineral. The primary endogenous mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, although a number of other endogenous hormones (including progesterone [1] and deoxycorticosterone) have mineralocorticoid function.
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.The adrenal glands—also referred to as the adrenal cortex—normally secrete glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone), and androgens.
Membrane mineralocorticoid receptors (mMRs) or membrane aldosterone receptors are a group of receptors which bind and are activated by mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Unlike the classical nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which mediates its effects via genomic mechanisms, mMRs are cell surface receptors which rapidly ...
15484 Ensembl ENSG00000176387 ENSMUSG00000031891 UniProt P80365 P51661 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000196 NM_008289 RefSeq (protein) NP_000187 NP_032315 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 67.43 – 67.44 Mb Chr 8: 106.25 – 106.25 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 also known as 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is ...
In high doses, hydrocortisone (cortisol) and those glucocorticoids with appreciable mineralocorticoid potency can exert a mineralocorticoid effect as well, although in physiologic doses this is prevented by rapid degradation of cortisol by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 in mineralocorticoid target tissues.
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess is a rare form of monogenic hypertension that is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical symptoms of AME were first reported in 1974 by a Professor from Switzerland; Edmond A Werder in a 3-year-old girl with low birth weight, delayed growth, polydipsia, polyuria, and hypertension.
Healthy narcissism is a positive sense of self that is in alignment with the greater good. [1] [2] [3] The concept of healthy narcissism was first coined by Paul Federn and gained prominence in the 1970s through the research of Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg.