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The init system is the first daemon to start (during booting) and the last daemon to terminate (during shutdown). Historically this was the "SysV init", which was just called "init". More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes:
In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. It is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes and automatically adopts all orphaned processes. Init is ...
A flow diagram of a computer booting. In computing, booting is the process of starting a computer as initiated via hardware such as a physical button on the computer or by a software command.
There are four principal events that cause a process to be created: System initialization. Execution of process creation system call by a running process. A user request to create a new process. Initiation of a batch job. When an operating system is booted, several essential processes are typically initiated to prepare the system for operation.
A power-on self-test (POST) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. [ 1 ] POST processes may set the initial state of the device from firmware and detect if any hardware components are non-functional.
Installed components of a Linux system include the following: [95] [99] A bootloader, for example GNU GRUB, LILO, SYSLINUX or systemd-boot. This is a program that loads the Linux kernel into the computer's main memory, by being executed by the computer when it is turned on and after the firmware initialization is performed.
In computing, BIOS (/ ˈ b aɪ ɒ s,-oʊ s /, BY-oss, -ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [1]
An image of this initial root file system (along with the kernel image) must be stored somewhere accessible by the Linux bootloader or the boot firmware of the computer. This can be the root file system itself, a boot image on an optical disc , a small partition on a local disk (a boot partition , usually using ext2 or FAT file systems), or a ...