Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
The cervix is divided into two parts based on the types of cells. The outer portion of the cervix is called the ectocervix, while the inner portion of the cervix is the endocervix. These two portions of the cervix have different types of cells. The area where the endocervix and ectocervix meet is known as the transformation zone.
The World Health Organization classification system was descriptive of the lesions, naming them mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS). [ 66 ] [ 67 ] The term cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was developed to place emphasis on the spectrum of abnormality in these lesions, and to help standardize treatment. [ 67 ]
The term carcinoma in situ may be used interchangeably with high-grade SIL. [8] Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is the most common precancer in women. Bowen's disease is a squamous carcinoma in situ of the skin. Colon polyps often contain areas of CIS that will almost always transform into colon cancer if left untreated.
A precancerous condition is a condition, tumor or lesion involving abnormal cells which are associated with an increased risk of developing into cancer. [1] [2] [3] Clinically, precancerous conditions encompass a variety of abnormal tissues with an increased risk of developing into cancer.
U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy warned in a recent advisory about alcohol use increasing cancer risk.. The advisory notes that alcohol can increase the risk of throat, liver, esophageal ...
In the late 1960s through 1971 a cluster of young women, from their teens into their twenties, was mysteriously diagnosed with clear-cell adenocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer not generally found in women until after menopause.
The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is one of the most commonly used approaches to treat high grade cervical dysplasia (CIN II/III, HGSIL) and early stage cervical cancer discovered on colposcopic examination. In the UK, it is known as large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ).