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Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling.
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Reuptake inhibition is achieved when extracellular dopamine not absorbed by the postsynaptic neuron is blocked from re-entering the presynaptic neuron.
Some drugs do not appear to increase motivation and can actually have anti-motivational effects. [4] [13] [19] Examples of these drugs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), [19] [20] [21] selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), [19] and antipsychotics (which are dopamine receptor antagonists or partial agonists).
Isocarboxazid, as well as other MAOIs, increase the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, melatonin, and phenethylamine in the brain. [ 11 ] Classical MAOIs, including isocarboxazid, are used only rarely due to prominent food and drug interactions and have been largely superseded by newer ...
Administration can prevent common side-effects, such as nausea and vomiting, as a result of interaction with D 2 receptors in the vomiting center (or cheomoreceptor trigger zone) located outside the blood–brain barrier. [2] Examples of extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitors include carbidopa and benserazide.
Medifoxamine (Cledial, Gerdaxyl) is an antidepressant that appears to act as an SDRI as well as a 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist. [3] Sibutramine (Reductil, Meridia, Siredia, Sibutrex) is a withdrawn anorectic that itself as a molecule in vitro is an SNDRI but preferentially an SDRI, with 18.3- and 5.8-fold preference for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and dopamine over norepinephrine ...
Modafinil and its analogues are known to act as dopamine reuptake inhibitors and this is thought to be involved in their wakefulness-promoting effects. [1] Chemically, fladrafinil is a derivative of adrafinil (N-hydroxymodafinil) and is also known as bisfluoroadrafinil (it is the bis(4-fluoro) phenyl ring-substituted derivative of adrafinil). [1]
A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), for instance bupropion, methylphenidate, and nomifensine. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Mechanism of action