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Stand density index (SDI; also known as Reineke's Stand Density Index [1] after its founder) is a measure of the stocking of a stand of trees based on the number of trees per unit area and diameter at breast height (DBH) of the tree of average basal area, also known as the quadratic mean diameter. It may also be defined as the degree of ...
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...
Wood is an example of an orthotropic material. Material properties in three perpendicular directions (axial, radial, and circumferential) are different. In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties at a particular point which differ along three orthogonal axes, where each axis has twofold rotational ...
The volume of the branches on the tuliptree was only 64.2% that of the trunk. [15] The President Tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum) [3] was measured in 2012 to have a trunk volume of 54,000 cubic feet (1,500 m 3) of wood and a branch volume of 9,000 cubic feet (250 m 3) of wood in the branches. In this giant tree the branch volume was only 16.7% ...
Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a substance to the volume of that quantity and is expressed in mass per unit substance, e.g., grams per milliliter (g/cm 3 or g/ml). The terms are essentially equivalent as long as the metric system ...
Soil composition by Volume and Mass, by phase: air, water, void (pores filled with water or air), soil, and total.. Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood.
The consolidation curve for a saturated clay showing the procedure for finding the preconsolidation pressure. Using a consolidation curve:(Casagrande 1936) [6] Choose by eye the point of maximum curvature on the consolidation curve. Draw a horizontal line from this point. Draw a line tangent to the curve at the point found in part 1.
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.