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Vocal cord nodules are bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds. [1] Although diagnosis involves a physical examination of the head and neck, as well as perceptual voice measures, visualization of the vocal nodules via laryngeal endoscopy remains the primary diagnostic method.
Up to 20% of patients show scarring, polyps or vascular changes of the vocal folds following surgery. [7] In severe cases, these resulting symptoms may require further surgery. The patient must always be aware of the impact and potential complications of surgery on their voice, especially if the voice is heavily used occupationally.
Leukoplakia cannot be rubbed off the mucosa, [14] distinguishing it readily from white patches such as pseudomembraneous candidiasis, where a white layer can be removed to reveal an erythematous, sometimes bleeding surface underneath. The white color associated with leukoedema disappears when the mucosa is stretched.
Squamous cell papilloma of the mouth or throat is generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 50, [1] and is normally found on the inside of the cheek, on the tongue, or inside of lips. Oral papillomas are usually painless, and not treated unless they interfere with eating or are causing pain. [ 1 ]
The swelling of the vocal folds cause ballooned-like appearance, known as a polyp. The polyps of Reinke's edema are usually benign, however, there may be a risk of cancer if the patient is a smoker. Additionally, if the edema becomes too severe, patients may experience difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction. [2] [12]
Sore throat. Congestion or runny nose. New loss of taste or smell. Fatigue. Muscle or body aches. Headache. Nausea or vomiting. Diarrhea
A progressively severe sore throat on one side and pain during swallowing (odynophagia) usually are the earliest symptoms. As the abscess develops, persistent pain in the peritonsillar area, fever , a general sense of feeling unwell , headache, and a distortion of vowels informally known as "hot potato voice" may appear.
A common symptom of laryngeal papillomatosis is a change in voice quality. More specifically, hoarseness is observed. [4] [5] As a consequence of the narrowing of the laryngeal or tracheal parts of the airway, shortness of breath, chronic cough and stridor (i.e. noisy breathing which can sound like a whistle or a snore), can be present.