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In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology , it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. [ 1 ] According to James Hutton 's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself.
Breyite is a high pressure calcium silicate mineral (CaSiO 3) found in diamond inclusions. [3] [4] It is the second most abundant inclusion after ferropericlase, for diamonds with a deep Earth origin. [5] [4] Its occurrence can also indicate the host diamond's super-deep origin. This mineral is named after German mineralogist, petrologist and ...
The timing of mineral crystallization can be used to categorize diamond inclusions into three types: protogenetic, syngenetic, and epigenetic inclusions. [14] Minerals in the protogenetic inclusions were crystallized earlier than the diamond formation. The host diamond encapsulated pre-existing minerals during its crystallization.
The clarity, or purity, of a diamond refers to internal inclusions of the diamond, and is one of the 4-Cs in determining a diamond's value.Common inclusions that appear inside diamonds are black carbon spots and small cracks, commonly referred to as fractures or "feathers", due to their feathery whitish appearance when viewed from above or through the side.
Allendeite, Sc 4 Zr 3 O 12, is an oxide mineral. [2] Allendeite was discovered in a small ultrarefractory inclusion within the Allende meteorite. [2] This inclusion has been named ACM-1. [2] It is one of several scandium rich minerals that have been found in meteorites. [2] Allendeite is trigonal, with a calculated density of 4.84 g/cm 3. [2]
Chiastolite (/ k aɪ ˈ æ s t ə ˌ l aɪ t / ky-ASS-tə-lyte) [1] is a variety of the mineral andalusite with the chemical composition Al 2 SiO 5. It is noted for its distinctive cross-shaped black inclusions of graphite. The presence of these crosses caused the mineral to be used as a gem.
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A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase ...