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Reverse bias: Although the LED is based on a diode junction and is nominally a rectifier, the reverse-breakdown mode for some types can occur at very low voltages and essentially any excess reverse bias can cause immediate degradation, and may lead to vastly accelerated failure. 5 V is a typical maximum reverse bias voltage specification for ...
The damaged transistor shows a low-ohmic junction between gate and drain terminals. A parametric failure only shifts the device parameters and may manifest in stress testing; sometimes, the degree of damage can lower over time. Latent ESD failure modes occur in a delayed fashion and include: Insulator damage by weakening of the insulator ...
High power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can use 350 milliwatts or more in a single LED. Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light – about 70% heat and 30% light. [ 1 ] If this heat is not removed, the LEDs run at high temperatures, which not only lowers their efficiency, but also makes the LED less reliable , shortens ...
Sometimes an interrupted flash upgrade of a PC motherboard will brick the board, for example, due to a power outage (or user impatience) during the upgrade process. It is sometimes possible to un-brick such a motherboard, by scavenging a similar but otherwise broken board for a BIOS chip in the hopes that the BIOS will work even halfway, far ...
When optical fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation such as energetic electrons, protons, neutrons, X-rays, Ƴ-radiation, etc., they undergo 'damage'. [1] [2] The term 'damage' primarily refers to added optical absorption, resulting in loss of the propagating optical signal leading to decreased power at the output end, which could lead to premature failure of the component and or system.
This testing process will force certain failures to occur under supervised conditions so an understanding of load capacity of the product can be established. The intention is to detect those particular components that would fail as a result of the initial, high-failure rate portion of the bathtub curve of component reliability. If the burn-in ...
Insufficient or improper cooling can cause damage to the internal components of the computer, or cause it to crash. Passive cooling , or a single fan mounted on the power supply , was sufficient for many desktop computer CPU's until the late 1990s; since then, most have required CPU fans mounted on heat sinks , due to rising clock speeds and ...
If they do not need to be re-used, some surface-mount components can be removed by cutting their leads and desoldering the remnants with a soldering iron. Otherwise, surface-mount components must be removed by heating the entire component to a temperature sufficient to melt the solder used, but not high or prolonged enough to damage the component.