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A blood gas test or blood gas analysis tests blood to measure blood gas tension values, it also measures blood pH, and the level and base excess of bicarbonate.The source of the blood is reflected in the name of each test; arterial blood gases come from arteries, venous blood gases come from veins and capillary blood gases come from capillaries. [1]
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test, or arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. An ABG test requires that a small volume of blood be drawn from the radial artery with a syringe and a thin needle , [ 1 ] but sometimes the femoral artery in the groin or another site is used.
This helps to determine the degree of any problems with how the lungs transfer oxygen to the blood. [5] A sample of arterial blood is collected for this test. [6] With a normal P a O 2 of 60–100 mmHg and an oxygen content of F I O 2 of 0.21 of room air, a normal P a O 2 /F I O 2 ratio ranges between 300 and 500 mmHg.
Blood gas tension refers to the partial pressure of gases in blood. [1] There are several significant purposes for measuring gas tension. [ 2 ] The most common gas tensions measured are oxygen tension (P x O 2 ), carbon dioxide tension (P x CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide tension (P x CO). [ 3 ]
Oxygen tension of mixed venous blood: P (A-a) O 2: Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. The term formerly used (A-a D O 2) is discouraged. P (a/A) O 2: Alveolar-arterial tension ratio; P a O 2:P A O 2 The term oxygen exchange index describes this ratio. C (a-v) O 2: Arteriovenous oxygen content difference: S a O 2: Oxygen saturation of ...
For example, in high altitude, the arterial oxygen PaO 2 is low but only because the alveolar oxygen (PAO 2) is also low. However, in states of ventilation perfusion mismatch, such as pulmonary embolism or right-to-left shunt, oxygen is not effectively transferred from the alveoli to the blood which results in an elevated A-a gradient.
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In addition to arterial blood gas, an anion gap can also differentiate between possible causes. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is useful for calculating blood pH, because blood is a buffer solution. In the clinical setting, this equation is usually used to calculate HCO 3 from measurements of pH and PaCO2 in arterial blood gases. The amount ...