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The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation .
Henry VIII had broken from the Catholic Church and the authority of the Pope, becoming the supreme head of the Church of England. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy. In Mary's reign, these religious policies were reversed, England was re-united with the Catholic Church and Protestantism was ...
Charged with implementing the reforms dictated by the Council of Trent, Borromeo's uncompromising stance brought him into conflict with secular leaders, priests, and even the Pope. [9] He met with much opposition to his reforms. The governor of the province and many of the senators addressed complaints to the courts of Rome and Madrid. [2]
Parish priests now became better educated, while Papal authorities sought to eliminate the distractions of the monastic churches. Notebooks and handbooks thus became common, describing how to be good priests and confessors. Thus, the Council of Trent was dedicated to improving the discipline and administration of the Church.
Coercive temporal authority over their bodies or estates could only be given by concession from the temporal ruler. Moreover, even spiritual authority over members of the Church, i.e. baptized persons, could not be exclusively claimed as a right by the Church tribunals, if the subject matter of the cause were purely temporal.
The actions taken by the synod anticipated many of the reforms enacted throughout the Catholic Church after the Council of Trent. [229] Pole believed that ignorance and lack of discipline among the clergy had led to England's religious turmoil, and the synod's reforms were designed to remedy both problems.
The Catholic Reformation: Savonarola to Ignatius Loyola: Reform in the Church, 1495–1540 (Fordham University Press, 1992) O'Malley, John W. Trent and All That: Renaming Catholicism in the Early Modern Era (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000). Pollen, John Hungerford. The Counter-Reformation (2011) excerpt and text search
A new unitary authority, North Yorkshire Council, replaced North Yorkshire County Council and the non-metropolitan districts of Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby on 1 April 2023. In October 2020, the UK government invited proposals for reform of arrangements in North Yorkshire by 2023. [19]