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The movement can be vertical or horizontal. Vertical is the upward or downward movement along social strata which occurs due to change of jobs or marriage. Horizontal movement along levels that are equally ranked. Intra-generational mobility is a social status change in a generation (single lifetime).
Social equality is a major element of equality for any group in society. Gender equality includes social equality between men, women, and intersex people, whether transgender or cisgender. Internationally, women are harmed significantly more by a lack of gender equality, resulting in a higher risk of poverty. [12]
Social equity is concerned with justice and fairness of social policy based on the principle of substantive equality. [1] Since the 1960s, the concept of social equity has been used in a variety of institutional contexts, including education and public administration .
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
A negative externality is any difference between the private cost of an action or decision to an economic agent and the social cost. In simple terms, a negative externality is anything that causes an indirect cost to individuals. An example is the toxic gases that are released from industries or mines, these gases cause harm to individuals ...
U.S. President Joe Biden signed the Social Security Fairness Act into law on Jan. 5., increasing the ability of retired public service workers who receive pensions to access Social Security ...
Small businesses will be negatively affected due to higher material and energy prices. [14] Customers also have less purchasing power, and so will purchase fewer items from companies who do not sell essential goods. [15] It becomes more difficult to predict investment returns because of market volatility and uncertainty.
Disparate impact in the law of the United States refers to practices in employment, housing, and other areas that adversely affect one group of people of a protected characteristic more than another, even though rules applied by employers or landlords are formally neutral. Although the protected classes vary by statute, most federal civil ...