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Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [4] These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. [4]
Second generation cephalosporins are more effective in treating Gram-negative bacilli compared to first generation cephalosporins, which have a greater coverage for Gram-positive cocci. Also, it has been reported that cefuroxime is resistant to hydrolysis by β-lactamases produced by Gram-negative bacteria. [4] Some medical uses are: [5] [6]
clindamycin – antibiotic with particular use in dental infections with effects against most aerobic Gram-positive cocci, as wel as muchenionoweloozi disorder. clomipramine – primarily used in dogs to treat behavioral problems
In the dog, the half-life of cefovecin is 5.5 days, and in the cat, it is 6.9 days. [7] In birds and reptiles, the half-life is only a few hours, much shorter than in dogs and cats. [ 8 ] In cats, 99% of cefovecin is bound to proteins in the blood plasma .
Ceftiofur is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin type (third generation), licensed for use in veterinary medicine.It was first described in 1987. [3] It is marketed by pharmaceutical company Zoetis as Excenel, [4] Naxcel, and Excede and is also the active ingredient in that company's Spectramast LC (lactating cow formulation) and Spectramast DC (dry cow formulation) product.
It also finds use as oral continuation therapy when intravenous cephalosporins (such as ceftriaxone) are no longer necessary for continued treatment. Cefpodoxime inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. It has an oral bioavailability of approximately 50%, which is increased when taken with food. It has an elimination half-life ...
The MIC is determined by preparing a dilution series of the chemical, adding agar or broth, then inoculating with bacteria or fungi, and incubating at a suitable temperature. The value obtained is largely dependent on the susceptibility of the microorganism and the antimicrobial potency of the chemical, but other variables can affect results ...
A serial dilution is the step-wise dilution of a substance in solution, either by using a constant dilution factor, or by using a variable factor between dilutions. If the dilution factor at each step is constant, this results in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion.