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The maximum horizontal distance travelled by the projectile, neglecting air resistance, can be calculated as follows: [1] = ( + +) where d is the total horizontal distance travelled by the projectile.
The range and the maximum height of the projectile do not depend upon its mass. Hence range and maximum height are equal for all bodies that are thrown with the same velocity and direction. The horizontal range d of the projectile is the horizontal distance it has traveled when it returns to its initial height (=).
Rifleman's rule is a "rule of thumb" that allows a rifleman to accurately fire a rifle that has been calibrated for horizontal targets at uphill or downhill targets. The rule says that only the horizontal range should be considered when adjusting a sight or performing hold-over in order to account for bullet drop.
Stadiametric rangefinding, or the stadia method, is a technique of measuring distances with a telescopic instrument.The term stadia comes from a Greek unit of length Stadion (equal to 600 Greek feet, pous) which was the typical length of a sports stadium of the time.
Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such ...
Diagram of measurements: D is the slant distance; S is the horizontal distance; Δh is the vertical distance. Tacheometry ( / ˌ t æ k i ˈ ɒ m ɪ t r i / ; from Greek for "quick measure") is a system of rapid surveying , by which the horizontal and vertical positions of points on the Earth's surface relative to one another are determined ...
An example of slant range is the distance to an aircraft flying at high altitude with respect to that of the radar antenna. The slant range (1) is the hypotenuse of the triangle represented by the altitude of the aircraft and the distance between the radar antenna and the aircraft's ground track (point (3) on the earth directly below the aircraft).
In general, the clinometer is used to measure the angle Θ from the eye to the top of the tree, and then the horizontal distance to the tree at eye level is measured using a tape. The height above eye level is then calculated by using the tangent function: horizontal distance at eye level to the tree x tangent Θ = height above eye level