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  2. Rice-duck farming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice-duck_farming

    While rice is growing: Ducks eat pests (e.g. brown planthoppers) in the crop; they stir water, limiting weeds, and manure the rice. Surface must be even; water depth must suit ducks; young ducks best as they don't nibble rice leaf tips. [5] Rice-fish-duck: China: Fishes bred on rice terraces: Fattens ducks and fish, controls pests, manures the ...

  3. Rice polyculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_polyculture

    Rice polyculture is the cultivation of rice and another crop simultaneously on the same land. The practice exploits the mutual benefit between rice and organisms such as fish and ducks: the rice supports pests which serve as food for the fish and ducks, while the animals' excrement serves as fertilizer for the rice.

  4. Polyculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyculture

    A variant in Indonesia combines rice, fish, ducks and water fern for a resilient and productive permaculture system; the ducks eat the weeds that would otherwise limit rice growth, reducing labour and herbicides; the water fern fixes nitrogen; and the duck manure and fish manure reduce the need for fertilizer. [25]

  5. Agricultural wastewater treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater...

    Agricultural wastewater treatment is a farm management agenda for controlling pollution from confined animal operations and from surface runoff that may be contaminated by chemicals in fertilizer, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous confined animal operations ...

  6. Echinochloa colona - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinochloa_colona

    Echinochloa colonum, commonly known as jungle rice, wild rice, deccan grass, jharua or awnless barnyard grass, [1] is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia. It was formerly classified as a species of Panicum. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop Echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. [2]

  7. Wild rice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_rice

    For example, geographer and ethnologist Henry Schoolcraft in the mid-1800s wrote about depressions in the ground on the shore of a lake with wild rice growing in the water. He wrote that wild rice processors placed animal hides in the holes, filled them with rice and stomped on the rice to thresh it. [26]: 1067 These jigging pits are part of ...

  8. Paddy field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field

    They require a great deal of labor and materials to create and need large quantities of water for irrigation. Oxen and water buffalo, adapted for life in wetlands, are important working animals used extensively in paddy field farming. Paddy field farming remains the dominant form of growing rice in modern times.

  9. Monoculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoculture

    Agricultural monocultures refer to the practice of planting one crop species in a field. [15] Monoculture is widely used in intensive farming and in organic farming.In crop monocultures, each plant in a field has the same standardized planting, maintenance, and harvesting requirements resulting in greater yields and lower costs.