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The vocal production of speech may be associated with the production of hand gestures that act to enhance the comprehensibility of what is being said. [6] The development of speech production throughout an individual's life starts from an infant's first babble and is transformed into fully developed speech by the age of five. [7]
At 4 months, infants still prefer infant-directed speech to adult-directed speech. Whereas 1-month-olds only exhibit this preference if the full speech signal is played to them, 4-month-old infants prefer infant-directed speech even when just the pitch contours are played. [6]
The females in this age range showed more spontaneous speech production than the males and this finding was not due to mothers speaking more with daughters than sons. [47] In addition, boys between 2 and 6 years as a group did not show higher performance in language development over their girl counterparts on experimental assessments.
Hazan and Barrett (2000) [6] suggest that this development can cotton into late childhood; 6- to 12-year-old children showed increasing mastery of discriminating synthesized differences in place, manner, and voicing of speech sounds without yet achieving adult-like accuracy in their own production.
After the age of ten or twelve, the general functional connections have been established and fixed for the speech cortex." According to the sensitive or critical period models, the age at which a child acquires the ability to use language is a predictor of how well he or she is ultimately able to use language. [91]
The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...
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A typical child should acquire many of the critical components of a language by age three. [18] Children who, when compared with peers their age, are not as competent in language in terms of language processing and speech production or areas related to communication, could possibly be displaying signs of global developmental delay.