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Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
One of the most common types, pitting enamel hypoplasia (PEH), ranges from small circular pinpricks to larger irregular depressions. [2] Pits also vary in how they occur on a tooth surface, some forming rows and others more randomly scattered. [3] PEH can be associated with other types of hypoplasia, but it is often the only defect observed. [4]
Plane-form enamel hypoplasia is a dental condition that is distinguished by defects in the teeth enamel, that can occur due to genetic or environmental factors. It is common for the disease to occur during the developmental stages of the teeth, and childhood illnesses, such as respiratory infections, are often linked to disturbance of the enamel formation [5] [6].
People with amelogenesis imperfecta may have teeth with abnormal color: yellow, brown or grey; this disorder can affect any number of teeth of both dentitions. Enamel hypoplasia manifests in a variety of ways depending on the type of AI an individual has (see below), with pitting and plane-form defects common. [4]
] It is the most common type of enamel hypoplasia reported in clinical and archaeological samples, with other types including plane-form enamel hypoplasia and pitting enamel hypoplasia. [12] Linear enamel hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, from genetic conditions to malnutrition and illnesses during childhood.
These teeth are functional but can be fixed with crowns, bridges, or implants. [4] Just above the gum line, the mulberry molar looks normal. A deformity becomes apparent towards the cusp or the top grinding surface of the tooth. Here, the size of the mulberry molar is diminished in all aspects, creating a stumpy version of a conventional molar.
Craniosynostosis and dental anomalies (CRSDA, also known as Kreiborg-Pakistani syndrome) is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, and dental anomalies. Dental anomalies seen in this condition include malocclusion, delayed and ectopic tooth eruption, and/or supernumerary teeth.
All enamel surfaces of the teeth are affected and surfaces subject to attrition show wear. Brown stain is frequently a disfiguring feature Severe: 5: All enamel surfaces are affected and hypoplasia is so marked that the general form of the tooth may be affected. The major diagnostic sign of this classification is discrete or confluent pitting.