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Pine trees especially in North Carolina were tapped for sap which was doubly distilled to make turpentine and rosin (aka resin)–hence the name tar heels. The trees were scored with a ledge called a “box” to collect the sap. Large numbers of slaves were used to score the trees, collect and process the sap. Zallen describes this as ...
Resin from longleaf pine yielded four basic products: tar, pitch, turpentine and rosin. By 1850, North Carolina's pine forests were producing one-third of the world's supply of naval stores. Resin collected from elongated, inverted V-shaped cuts in the tree trunks was distilled into turpentine. Turpentine was used as a solvent and illuminant.
Syncarpia glomulifera, commonly known as the turpentine tree, or yanderra, [1] is a tree of the family Myrtaceae native to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia, which can reach 60 metres (200 feet) in height. It generally grows on heavier soils.
With the demise of wooden ships, those uses of pine resin ended, but the former naval stores industry remained vigorous as new products created new markets. First extensively described by Frederick Law Olmsted in his book A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States (1856), [3] the naval stores industry was one of the economic mainstays of the southeastern United States until the late 20th century.
After 1824, North Carolina became the leader for naval stores in the United States. [5] [6] By the time the Civil War began in 1861, North Carolina had more than 1,600 turpentine distilleries. Two-thirds of all the turpentine in the United States came from North Carolina, and one-half came from the counties of Bladen and New Hanover. [5]
Turpentine (which is also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, terebenthine, terebenthene, terebinthine and, colloquially, turps) [2] is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, mainly pines. Principally used as a specialized solvent, it is also a source of material for organic syntheses.
Pine Level, chartered 1872, is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2010 census , [ 4 ] up from 1,313 in 2000 . Pine Level is located 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Raleigh , the state capital.
Syncarpia is a small group of trees in the myrtle family described as a genus in 1839. [3] [4] [2] They are native to Queensland and New South Wales in Australia.[1] [5]They are unusual among the Myrtaceae in that the leaves are opposite rather than alternate as is the norm for the family.
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