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  2. Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntillet_Ajrud_inscriptions

    One of the wall pieces is significantly larger than the other art at the site: "Pirhiya Beck, in her lengthy analysis of Horvat Teman's finds, described this wall painting on plaster in some detail. The surviving fragments preserve the profile of a human head facing right with an eye and ear(?) all drawn in red outline, the eyeball and hair ...

  3. Talmud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud

    A Talmud was compiled in each of these regional centres. The earlier of the two compilations took place in Galilee, either in the late fourth or early fifth century, and it came to be known as the Jerusalem Talmud (or Talmud Yerushalmi). Later on, and likely some time in the sixth century, the Babylonian Talmud was compiled (Talmud Bavli).

  4. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto...

    Idolatry is one of three sins (along with adultery and murder) the Mishnah says must be resisted to the point of death. [61] By the time the Talmud was written, the acceptance or rejection of idolatry was a litmus test for Jewish identity: [62] "Whosoever denies idols is called a Jew". [63] "Whosoever recognizes idols has denied the entire ...

  5. Jerusalem Talmud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud

    The Jerusalem Talmud ed. Heinrich Guggenheimer, Walter de Gruyter. This edition, which is a complete one for the entire Jerusalem Talmud, is a scholarly translation based on the editio princeps and upon the existing manuscripts. The text is fully vocalized and followed by an extensive commentary. Modern Elucidated Talmud Yerushalmi, ed. Joshua ...

  6. List of Talmudic tractates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Talmudic_tractates

    While Talmud Bavli has had a standardized page count for over 100 years based on the Vilna edition, the standard page count of the Yerushalmi found in most modern scholarly literature is based on the first printed edition (Venice 1523) which uses folio (#) and column number (a,b,c,and d; eg. Berachot 2d would be folio page 2, column 4).

  7. Tosafot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosafot

    The first page of the Vilna Edition Shas of the Babylonian Talmud, tractate Berakhot, folio 2a. The main text in the middle is the text of the Talmud itself. To the right, on the inner margin of the page, is Rashi's commentary; to the left, on the outer margin, the Tosafot

  8. Encyclopedia Talmudit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_Talmudit

    The Encyclopedia Talmudit (Hebrew: אנציקלופדיה תלמודית entsiyklopediah talmudiyt) is a Hebrew language encyclopedia that aims to summarize the halakhic topics of the Talmud in alphabetical order. It began in 1942 and is still an active project as of 2023, with 50 volumes (plus several index volumes) published so far.

  9. Gemara - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemara

    The Talmud is organized into six sedarim, or "orders," which include Zeraim, Moed, Nashim, Nezikin, Kodshim, and Taharot. [1] In 1923, Polish Rabbi Meir Shapiro introduced a contemporary practice called "Daf Yomi," or "daily page," wherein participants study one page of the Talmud daily in cycles lasting seven and a half years each. This ...