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Roman silver ingot, Britain, 1st–4th centuries AD Lead ingots from Roman Britain. Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age.By 53 BC, Rome had expanded to control an immense expanse of the Mediterranean.
An ancient Roman quarry near the city of Carthago Nova Ancient Roman open-pit mine in Slovenia. The Romans usually built quarries near the seas or rivers. [31] [35] Upon finding an adequate place for a quarry, the rock was withered away, usually through trial trenching. Afterwards, a line of holes would be chiseled into the rock surface, and ...
The Roman economy was based on silver, as the majority of higher value coins were minted from the precious metal. British ores found in Laurion, Greece had a low silver content compared to the ores mined from other locations. [9] The Romans used the term 'British silver' for these lead mines. [9] Galena was mined for its lead and silver content.
A Roman dodecahedron or Gallo-Roman dodecahedron [1] [2] is a small hollow object made of copper alloy which has been cast into a regular dodecahedral shape with twelve flat pentagonal faces. Each face has a circular hole of varying diameter in the middle, the holes connecting to the hollow center, and each corner has a protruding knob. [ 1 ]
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Consequently, at the temperatures needed to reduce zinc oxide to the metal, the metal is already gaseous. [23] [24] Arsenic sublimes at 615 °C (1137 °F), passing directly from the solid state to the gaseous state. [21] Antimony melts at 631 °C (1167 °F) [21] Platinum melts at 1768 °C (3215 °F), even higher than iron. [21]
Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire [1] including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth.
Toledo steel, historically known for being unusually hard, is from Toledo, Spain, which has been a traditional sword-making, metal-working center since about the Roman period, and came to the attention of Rome when used by Hannibal in the Punic Wars. It soon became a standard source of weaponry for Roman legions. [1]