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Calcium silicate (CaSiO 3), a commonly used anti-caking agent, added to e.g. table salt, absorbs both water and oil. Anticaking agents are also used in non-food items such as road salt , [ 3 ] fertilisers , [ 4 ] cosmetics , [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and detergents .
Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications. For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. [4] Zirconium silicate is also used as foundry sands due to its high thermal stability.
With two shared oxides bound to each silicon, cyclic or polymeric structures can result. The cyclic metasilicate ring Si 6 O 12− 18 is a hexamer of SiO 3 2-. Polymeric silicate anions of can exist also as long chains. In single-chain silicates, which are a type of inosilicate, tetrahedra link to form a chain by sharing two oxygen atoms each.
The first and more common one, today known as "Type I", was a lead stannate, an oxide of lead and tin with the chemical formula Pb 2 SnO 4. The second, "Type II", was a silicate with the formula Pb(Sn,Si)O 3. [4] [5] Lead-tin yellow was produced by heating a powder mixture of lead oxide and tin oxide to about 900 °C.
Sodium orthosilicate has been considered as an interfacial tension reducing additive in the waterflooding of oil fields for enhanced oil extraction. In laboratory settings, it was found to be more effective than sodium hydroxide for some types of oil. [5]
Sodium silicate solutions can also be used as a spin-on adhesive layer to bond glass to glass [21] or a silicon dioxide–covered silicon wafer to one another. [22] Sodium silicate glass-to-glass bonding has the advantage that it is a low-temperature bonding technique, as opposed to fusion bonding. [21]
Calcium silicate (CaSiO 3), a common anti-caking agent added to table salt, absorbs both water and oil. Anticaking agents are also used in non-food items such as road salt , [ 3 ] fertilisers , [ 4 ] cosmetics , [ 5 ] synthetic detergents , [ 6 ] and in manufacturing applications.
Although most metal oxides are crystalline solids, many non-metal oxides are molecules. Examples of molecular oxides are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. All simple oxides of nitrogen are molecular, e.g., NO, N 2 O, NO 2 and N 2 O 4. Phosphorus pentoxide is a more complex molecular oxide with a deceptive name, the real formula being P 4 O 10.