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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting , abdominal pain , deep gasping breathing , increased urination , weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness . [ 1 ]
Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis.While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones, ketoacidosis is a specific pathologic condition that results in changes in blood pH and requires medical attention.
This results in a loss of water (which contains electrolytes and glucose) that will increase blood osmolarity. [18] [8] If the fluid is not replaced, by mouth or intravenously, will ultimately result in dehydration (which in HHS typically becomes worse than DKA). [18] Also causes electrolyte imbalances which are always dangerous. [8]
Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance.Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. [5]
Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance , oxygen delivery , acid–base balance and much more.
Endocrinologists share uncommon symptoms of diabetes that may indicate type 1, type 2, or prediabetes. Some signs include infections and dry skin.
Hypokalemia is one of the most common water–electrolyte imbalances. [4] ... A special case of potassium loss occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis. Hypokalemia is ...
The treatment of DKA in KPD is identical to the treatment of DKA caused by type 1 diabetes and revolves around fluid repletion, electrolyte repletion, and administration of insulin. [7] After the resolution of the DKA episode consideration of what patients to test for KPD should be considered.