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The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length. Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below). The head is profiled to resist wear ...
Third-rail electrification between Hartford, New Britain, and Berlin, a total of 12 mi (20 km) in 1896. This third-rail system was unique; it consisted of an inverted V cross-section rail, mounted on the cross ties between the running rails, and was totally exposed. In 1898, the New Canaan Branch was electrified with 500V DC catenary. [1]
Some early rails were made in a T cross section, but the lack of metal at the foot limited the bending strength of the rail, which has to act as a beam between supports. As metal technologies improved, these wrought iron rails were made progressively somewhat longer, and with a heavier, and therefore stronger, cross-section.
Crossrail is a completed railway project centred on London. It provides a high-frequency hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system, known as the Elizabeth line, that crosses the capital from suburbs on the west to east and connects two major railway lines terminating in London: the Great Western Main Line and the Great Eastern Main Line.
Structural channel, or {C-beam, or 'C' cross-section; Tee (T-shaped cross-section) Rail profile (asymmetrical Ɪ-beam) Railway rail; Vignoles rail; Flanged R rail; Grooved rail; Bar, a long piece with a rectangular cross section, but not so wide so as to be called a sheet. Rod, a round or square section long compared to its width; see also ...
Heavier rail can support greater axle loads and higher train speeds without sustaining damage than lighter rail, but at a greater cost. In North America and the United Kingdom, rail is graded in pounds per yard (usually shown as pound or lb), so 130-pound rail would weigh 130 lb/yd (64 kg/m). The usual range is 115 to 141 lb/yd (57 to 70 kg/m).
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Sizes include cross-sectional areas of 80, 100, 107, 120, and 150 mm 2. Common materials include normal and high strength copper, copper-silver, copper-cadmium, copper-magnesium, and copper-tin, with each being identifiable by distinct identification grooves along the upper lobe of the contact wire.