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The earliest courtiers coincide with the development of definable courts beyond the rudimentary entourages or retinues of rulers. There were probably courtiers in the courts of the Akkadian Empire where there is evidence of court appointments such as that of cup-bearer which was one of the earliest court appointments and remained a position at courts for thousands of years. [3]
The Book of the Courtier was one of the most widely distributed books of the 16th century, with editions printed in six languages and in twenty European centers. [4] The 1561 English translation by Thomas Hoby had a great influence on the English upper class's conception of English gentlemen. [5]
The earliest developed courts were probably in the Akkadian Empire, Ancient Egypt, and Shang dynasty. However, there is evidence of courts as described in the Neo-Assyrian Empire [2] and Zhou dynasty. [3] Two of the earliest titles referring to the concept of a courtier were likely the ša rēsi and mazzāz pāni of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. [4]
Royal Court of Elizabeth I (1533−1603) — courtiers, diplomats, servants, and artisans at the Royal Court of England during the reign of Elizabeth I.
George Gascoigne (c. 1535 – 7 October 1577) was an English poet, soldier and unsuccessful courtier. He is considered the most important poet of the early Elizabethan era, following Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and leading to the emergence of Philip Sidney. [1]
John Somers or Somer or Sommers (died 1585) was an English diplomat, courtier, and cryptographer. He served as joint keeper of Mary, Queen of Scots , at Tutbury Castle with Ralph Sadler . [ 1 ] Somers is said to have been Sadler's son-in-law.
A large team of royal courtiers and senior advisers have been called upon at Buckingham Palace and Clarence House in the wake of the Queen’s death.
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, KG (/ ˈ v ɪ l ər z / VIL-ərz; 20 August 1592 – 23 August 1628), [1] [2] was an English courtier, statesman, and patron of the arts.He was a favourite and self-described "lover" of King James VI and I. [3]