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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation, or mouth-to-mouth in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
The compression depth and force varies per patient. The chest displacement equals a 20% reduction in the anterior-posterior chest depth. The physiological duty cycle is 50%, and it runs in a 30:2, 15:2 or continuous compression mode, which is user-selectable, at a rate of 80 compressions-per-minute.
After defibrillation, chest compressions should be continued for two minutes before another rhythm check. [30] This is based on a compression rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, a compression depth of 5–6 centimeters into the chest, full chest recoil, and a ventilation rate of 10 breath ventilations per minute. [30]
The newest guidelines for adult BLS allow a rescuer to diagnose cardiac arrest if the patient is unresponsive and not breathing normally. The guidelines also changed the duration of rescue breaths and the placement of the hand on the chest when performing chest compressions.
While CPR is performed (which may involve either manual chest compressions or the use of automated equipment such as the AutoPulse or LUCAS device), members of the team consider eight forms of potentially reversible causes for cardiac arrest, commonly abbreviated as "6Hs & 5Ts" according to 2005/2010 AHA Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS).
The LUCAS can be used both in and out of the hospital setting. [6] [7] The 2015 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation does not recommend using mechanical chest compression on a routine basis, but are good alternative for situations where it may be difficult or to maintain continuous high-quality compressions, or when it may be too strenuous on the medic to do so. [8]
30 compressions to 2 breaths 30 compressions to 2 breaths 30 compressions to 2 puffs Chest pressure 2 hands 1-2 hands 2 fingers CPR compression rate Approximately 100 per minute Approximately 100 per minute Approximately 100 per minute Compression depth One-third of a chest depth One-third of a chest depth One-third of a chest depth Head tilt
Chest compressions were commenced within 10 minutes; The cardiac arrest duration (collapse to arrival at E&TC [ambiguous]) has been < 60 minutes; The patient is aged between 12 and 70 years; There are no major co-morbidities that would preclude return to independent living; The patient is profoundly hypothermic (<32 °C) due to accidental exposure