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Dental caries are also associated with poverty, poor cleaning of the mouth, and receding gums resulting in exposure of the roots of the teeth. [6] [8] Prevention of dental caries includes regular cleaning of the teeth, a diet low in sugar, and small amounts of fluoride.
A 1930s poster from the Work Projects Administration promoting oral hygiene. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. [14] Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer ...
The specific plaque hypothesis was introduced by Loesche, following on from observations that rodents did not develop caries even with a highly cariogenic diet unless specific bacteria such as streptococci were introduced. [6] It is understood that specific microorganisms play an importance in both caries and periodontal diseases. [7]
Consequently, this results in an increased caries prevalence. [12] Dental caries is a process in which enamel is dissolved by acid producing bacteria. In 2004–2006, the average DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) for adults in Australia over the age of 65 was found to be 23.7%. [12]
There are many factors that influence the diversity of the oral microbiota, such as age, diet, hygiene practices, and genetics. [21] Of particular interest is the role of oral microorganisms in the two major dental diseases: dental caries and periodontal disease. [7]
Main building of Vipeholm hospital, now a secondary school. The Vipeholm experiments or Vipeholm Study (Swedish: Vipeholmsexperimenten) were a series of human experiments where patients of Vipeholm Hospital for the intellectually disabled in Lund, Sweden, were fed large amounts of sweets, including "extra sticky toffee" [clarification needed] to provoke dental caries.
Dental caries has a long history, with evidence showing the disease was present in the Bronze, Iron, and Middle ages but also prior to the neolithic period. [44] The largest increases in the prevalence of caries have been associated with diet changes. [45] Today, caries remains one of the most common diseases throughout the world.
Since dental caries associated with pulpitis is the most common cause, toothache is more common in populations that are at higher risk of dental caries. The prevalence of caries in a population is dependent upon factors such as diet (refined sugars), socioeconomic status, and exposure to fluoride (such as areas without water fluoridation).