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Besides fragmentation, a nearly ubiquitous form, these hornworts exhibit tubers, persistent apices, and apospory. Tubers and persistent apices can remain dormant and survive harsh conditions to form new thalli. Apospory, a form of apomixis, involves the formation of diploid gametophyte spores directly from the tissue of the plant's sporophyte.
Tender plants are those killed by freezing temperatures, while hardy plants survive freezing—at least down to certain temperatures, depending on the plant. "Half-hardy" is a term used sometimes in horticulture to describe bedding plants which are sown in heat in winter or early spring, and planted outside after all danger of frost has passed.
Not enough fire: Strangely, this plant doesn't just survive harsh conditions like wildfires, it needs them to thrive. Lack of controlled burning can threaten the four-petal pawpaw's population.
[5] [6]: 119 It is less well adapted to harsh alpine conditions than some other alpine zone plants, having relatively (to 4 inches (10 cm)) large leaves that are mostly hairless, and correspondingly is found growing in more protected sites, such as grassy meadows.
Trillium grandiflorum in the foreground and the smaller Thalictrum thalictroides in the background are both spring ephemerals of North American deciduous forests. An ephemeral plant is a plant with a very short life cycle or very short period of active growth, often one that grows only during brief periods when conditions are favorable.
The Mauna Kea silversword evolved to survive extraordinarily harsh subalpine conditions where virtually no other plants could grow. It possesses no protective mechanism against grazing mammals , however, which did not exist in Hawaiʻi during the millions of years of the plants' adaptation.
Many different plant species live in the high-altitude environment. These include perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens. [81] High-altitude plants must adapt to the harsh conditions of their environment, which include low temperatures, dryness, ultraviolet radiation, and a short growing season.
The arctic poppy is known for either their white or yellow flowers; these flowers can grow up to 6.5 cm in diameter. The arctic poppy stems range from 10 to 15 cm in length. Arctic poppies produce spherical or oval seed pods that are covered by fine hairs. [2]