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Maryland was a border state, straddling the North and South. As in Virginia and Delaware, some planters in Maryland had freed their slaves in the years after the Revolutionary War. By 1860 Maryland's free black population comprised 49.1% of the total of African Americans in the state. [4]
The Province of Maryland [1] was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 [2] until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain. In 1781, Maryland was the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation.
As one of the original Thirteen Colonies, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a Catholic convert [13] [14] who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. [15] In 1632, Charles I of England granted Lord Baltimore a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Henrietta Maria. [16]
2 Colonel Thomas Brooke, Jr. 1720 1720 3 Captain Charles Calvert [3] [4] 1720 1727 4 Benedict Leonard Calvert: 1727 1731 5 Samuel Ogle: 1731 1732 6 Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore: 1732 1733 7 Samuel Ogle: 1733 1742 8 Sir Thomas Bladen: 1742 1746/47 9 Samuel Ogle: 1746/47 1752 10 Benjamin Tasker: 1752 1753 11 Horatio Sharpe: 1753 1769 12
In the period following Oliver Cromwell's fall in England, the colony grew and transitioned to a slave economy. It saw the beginnings of industry and urbanization. At the turn of the eighteenth century, King William's War (1689–1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702–1714) brought Maryland into depression again as European demand for tobacco decreased sharply.
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, first proprietor of the Maryland colony: 844,703: 682 sq mi (1,766 km 2) Baltimore City: 510: Baltimore City: 1851: Founded in 1729. Detached in 1851 from Baltimore County: Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, first proprietor of the Maryland colony: 565,239: 92 sq mi (238 km 2) Calvert County: 009: Prince ...
A new map of Virginia, Maryland, and the improved parts of Pennsylvania & New Jersey, 1685 map of the Chesapeake region by Christopher Browne. The Chesapeake Colonies were the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Province of Maryland, later Maryland, both colonies located in British America and centered on the Chesapeake Bay.
Cecil established his colony in Maryland from his home in England, (but sent his younger brother Leonard (1606–1647), as first colonial governor, and as a Roman Catholic continued the legacy of his father by promoting religious tolerance in the colony. He governed Maryland for forty-two years, though he never visited his colony in person. [1]