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The exodus of Istanbul Greeks indicated that the coexistence of Muslims and Greek Orthodox in Istanbul, which had survived for centuries, that was ratified under the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne, had completely failed. [29] The expulsion had multiple and complex repercussions for Turkey in the fields of both domestic and foreign policy.
The ghost town of Kayaköy (Livisi) in southwestern Anatolia.The Greek village was abandoned during the 1923 population exchange. [1]The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey [a] stemmed from the "Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations" signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 January 1923, by the governments of Greece and Turkey.
After years of persecution (e.g. the Varlık Vergisi, the Istanbul Pogrom and the 1964 expulsion of Istanbul Greeks), emigration of ethnic Greeks from the Istanbul region greatly accelerated, reducing the Greek minority population from 119,822 before the pogrom [14] to about 7,000 by 1978. [15]
Turkey directly addressed Bulgarian rhetoric around the Cyprus problem, attempting to allay concerns that Turkey posed a threat to Bulgaria. [26] Soon thereafter, however, a crowd of over 100,000 fueled by false rumors of Soviet military actions against Bulgarian Turks and Muslims gathered in Istanbul's Taksim Square shouting anti-Bulgarian ...
It is impossible to know exactly how many Greek inhabitants of Turkey died between 1914 and 1923, and how many ethnic Greeks of Anatolia were expelled to Greece or fled to the Soviet Union. [135] Some of the survivors and expelled took refuge in the neighboring Russian Empire (later, Soviet Union).
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The Varlık Vergisi was followed by the Istanbul pogrom a few years later, where an organized mob attacked Greeks and Armenians on 6–7 September 1955. The material damage was considerable, with damage to 5317 properties (including 4214 homes, 1004 businesses, 73 churches, 2 monasteries, 1 synagogue, and 26 schools). [ 59 ]
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