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On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica (Gernika in Basque) was aerially bombed during the Spanish Civil War.It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco's rebel Nationalist faction by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria, under the code name Operation Rügen.
Guernica is a large 1937 oil painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is one of his best-known works, regarded by many art critics as the most moving and powerful anti-war painting in history. [ 3 ]
Guernica (/ ɡ ɜːr ˈ n iː k ə, ˈ ɡ ɜːr n ɪ k ə /, [3] Spanish pronunciation: [ɡeɾˈnika]), officially Gernika (pronounced) in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain.
Guernica, 1937, Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid. Arguably Picasso's most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War – Guernica. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war.
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The Basque ground forces were in full retreat towards Bilbao, through the town of Guernica, which was attacked on 26 April in one of the most controversial events of the Spanish Civil War. [75] In Operation Rügen, waves of planes bombed and strafed targets in the town.
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During the creation of Guernica, Picasso made his first studies of a weeping woman on 24 May 1937, however, it was not to be included in the composition of Guernica.An image of the weeping woman was inserted in the lower right of the painting, but this was removed by Picasso, who considered that it would upstage the agonised expressions of the four women in the painting.