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A signal that travels to the NMJ, which innervates muscles, is produced by the release of acetylcholine by upper motor neurons. Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of alpha-motor neurons. [3] The somatic nervous system controls all voluntary muscular systems within the body, and the process of voluntary reflex arcs. [10]
The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...
Sound also resonates within different parts of the body, and an individual's size and bone structure can affect somewhat the sound produced by an individual. Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation. Another major influence on vocal sound and ...
According to the National Institute of Health, "voluntary control of the tensor tympani muscle is an extremely rare event", [5] where "rare" seems to refer more to the scarcity of test subjects and/or studies than the percentage of the general population who have voluntary control. The rumbling sound can also be heard when the neck or jaw ...
The waves originated by the airflow modulated by the vibrating vocal folds travel along the bones, cartilages, and muscles of the neck, head, and upper chest, causing them to vibrate by forced resonance. There is little evidence that these vibrations, sensed by tactile nerves, make any significant contribution to the external sound. [6]
The vocal folds in the larynx vibrate, creating fluctuations in air pressure, known as sound waves. Resonances in the vocal tract modify these waves according to the position and shape of the lips, jaw, tongue, soft palate , and other speech organs, creating formant regions and so different qualities of sonorant ( voiced ) sound.
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The stapedius dampens the vibrations of the stapes by pulling on the neck of that bone. [2]: 863 As one of the muscles involved in the acoustic reflex it prevents excess movement of the stapes, helping to control the amplitude of sound waves from the general external environment to the inner ear.