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There are ten bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung: three in the superior lobe, two in the middle lobe, and five in the inferior lobe. Some of the segments may fuse in the left lung to form usually eight to nine segments (four to five in the upper lobe and four to five in the lower lobe.
An accessory fissure was also found in 14% and 22% of left and right lungs, respectively. [47] An oblique fissure was found to be incomplete in 21% to 47% of left lungs. [48] In some cases a fissure is absent, or extra, resulting in a right lung with only two lobes, or a left lung with three lobes. [46]
Juxtaphrenic peak sign is a radiographic sign seen in lobar collapse or after lobectomy of the lung. [1] [2] This sign was first described by Katten and colleagues in 1980, and therefore, it is also called Katten's sign. [3] The juxtaphrenic peak is most commonly caused due to the traction from the inferior accessory fissure.
The root of the right lung lies behind the superior vena cava and part of the right atrium, and below the azygos vein.That of the left lung passes beneath the aortic arch and in front of the descending aorta; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind.
Each lung is divided into lobes by the infoldings of the pleura as fissures. The fissures are double folds of pleura that section the lungs and help in their expansion, [ 6 ] allowing the lung to ventilate more effectively even if parts of it (usually the basal segments ) fail to expand properly due to congestion or consolidation .The function ...
The left paratracheal stripe is more variable and only seen in 25% of normal patients on posteroanterior views. [ 7 ] Localization of lesions or inflammatory and infectious processes can be difficult to discern on chest radiograph, but can be inferred by silhouetting and the hilum overlay sign with adjacent structures.
Intrapulmonary sequestration occurs within the visceral pleura of normal lung tissue. Usually, no communication with the tracheobronchial tree occurs. The most common location is in the posterior basal segment, and nearly two thirds of pulmonary sequestrations appear in the left lung. Venous drainage is usually via the pulmonary veins.
On radiological studies, a pleural pseudotumor is visualized as a biconcave or lenticular lesion using conventional chest x-rays and CT scans. The lesion is most commonly located in the minor (horizontal) fissure of the lung. A pleural pseudotumor is also associated with the presence of dependent pleural effusions. [9]