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Toufic Fahd in the Brill Encyclopedia of Islam usually uses "magic as the translation of sihr", but "occasionally uses sorcery or witchcraft". [14] Fahd himself first defines sihr as that which leads its subject to "believe that what he sees is real when it is not", but also includes "everything that is known as 'white' or 'natural magic ' ".
Some beliefs, such as the belief in jinn and other aspects of Muslim occult culture, are rooted in the Quran and the culture of early Islamic cosmography. In the same way, shrine veneration and acceptance, and the promotion of saintly miracles, has intimate connections to structures of Islamic religious authority and piety in Islamic history. [3]
A pair of fallen angels, Harut and Marut, are also mentioned to tempt people into learning sorcery. [Quran 2:102] Scholars of religious history have linked several magical practises in Islam with pre-Islamic Turkish and East African customs. Most notable of these customs is the Zār. [28] [18]
Belief in the supernatural creatures such as Jinn are both an integral part of Islamic belief, [5] and a common explanations in society "for evil, illness, health, wealth, and position in society as well as all mundane and inexplicable phenomena in between". Given the moral ambivalence ascribed to supernatural agents in Islamic tradition ...
The story became subject of a theological dispute in Islam. Some Muslim theologians argue that angels could not commit sins and thus, reject the story of Harut and Marut. Depending on the reading of the Quran (Qira'at), Harut and Marut are depicted as "two kings" instead. These kings would have learned sorcery from the devils and then taught it ...
Jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept; they may represent several pagan beliefs integrated into Islam. [2] [a] Islam places jinn and humans on the same plane in relation to God, both being subject to God's judgement and an afterlife. [4] The Quran condemns the pre-Islamic Arabian practice of worshipping or seeking protection from them. [5]
Depiction of a shaitan by Siyah Qalam, c. 14th/15th century. The art-style of Uighur or Central Asia origin was used by Muslim Turks to depict various legendary beings. [1]A shaitan or shaytan (Arabic: شَيْطَان, romanized: shayṭān; pl.: شَيَاطِين shayāṭīn; Hebrew: שָׂטָן; Turkish: Şeytan or Semum, lit. 'devil', 'demon', or 'satan') is an evil spirit in Islam, [2 ...
In 1991 Henk Versnel argued that magic and religion function in different ways and that these can be broadly defined in four areas: Intention – magic is employed to achieve clear and immediate goals for an individual, whereas religion is less purpose-motivated and has its sights set on longer-term goals; Attitude – magic is manipulative as ...