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The Lydian scale can be described as a major scale with the fourth scale degree raised a semitone, making it an augmented fourth above the tonic; e.g., an F-major scale with a B ♮ rather than B ♭. That is, the Lydian mode has the following formula:
Lydian mode on C Play ⓘ. Thirteenth chord constructed from notes of the Lydian mode. Play ⓘ Russell's original six Lydian scales [1] The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization is a 1953 jazz music theory book written by George Russell. The book is the founding text of the Lydian Chromatic Concept (LCC), or Lydian Chromatic Theory (LCT).
Chromatic scale: Chromatic scale on C. Play ... Lydian augmented scale: Lydian augmented scale on C. Play ...
George Allen Russell (June 23, 1923 – July 27, 2009) was an American jazz pianist, composer, arranger and theorist. He is considered one of the first jazz musicians to contribute to general music theory with a theory of harmony based on jazz rather than European music, in his book Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization (1953).
Bartók's twelve-tone Phrygian/Lydian polymode, however, differed from the chromatic scale as used by, for example, late-Romantic composers like Richard Strauss and Richard Wagner. During the late 19th century the chromatic altering of a chord or melody was a change in strict relation to its functional non-altered version.
Lydian chords may function as subdominants or substitutes for the tonic in major keys. [3] The compound interval of the augmented eleventh (enharmonically equivalent to ♯ 4, the characteristic interval of the Lydian mode) is used since the simple fourth usually only appears in suspended chords (which replace the third with a natural fourth, for example C sus4).
Ignoring the root, the scales used for each of these four chords would be B Aeolian (natural minor), B Dorian, C♯ Mixolydian, and E Aeolian, respectively. However, from the perspective of pitch axis theory, we consider all scales to have the B root - so we would say that the progression is B Aeolian, B Dorian, B Lydian, and B Phrygian.
The Ionian mode corresponds to the major scale. Scales in the Lydian mode are major scales with an augmented fourth. The Mixolydian mode corresponds to the major scale with a minor seventh. The Aeolian mode is identical to the natural minor scale. The Dorian mode corresponds to the natural minor scale with a major sixth.