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Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C 12 H 22 O 11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lact (gen. lactis ), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars.
For example, milk sugar (lactose) is a disaccharide made by condensation of one molecule of each of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, whereas the disaccharide sucrose in sugar cane and sugar beet, is a condensation product of glucose and fructose. Maltose, another common disaccharide, is condensed from two glucose molecules. [7]
The word galactose was coined by Charles Weissman [6] in the mid-19th century and is derived from Greek γαλακτος, galaktos, (of milk) and the generic chemical suffix for sugars -ose. [7] The etymology is comparable to that of the word lactose in that both contain roots meaning "milk sugar". Lactose is a disaccharide of galactose plus ...
Galactose generally does not occur in the free state but is a constituent with glucose of the disaccharide lactose or milk sugar. It is less sweet than glucose. It is a component of the antigens found on the surface of red blood cells that determine blood groups. [74]
The best-known disaccharide is sucrose (table sugar). Hydrolysis of sucrose yields glucose and fructose. Invertase is a sucrase used industrially for the hydrolysis of sucrose to so-called invert sugar. Lactase is essential for digestive hydrolysis of lactose in milk; many adult humans do not produce lactase and cannot digest the lactose in milk.
Free sugar – all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to food and naturally present sugars in honey, syrups, and fruit juices (sugars inside cells, as in raw fruit, are not included) Fructose [1] – a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose
So whole milk isn't much fattier than 2%. In fact, a gallon of 2% has more than half the fat as a gallon of whole milk. The FDA requires whole milk to have at least 3.25$ fat by weight. But the ...
Video explanation. The three most common forms of sugar are glucose, fructose, and galactose, and these are all types of monosaccharides, meaning they’re made of just one sugar molecule, molecules like this are called carbohydrates, because they’re made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen ratio of 2:1. if you link two of these guys together, you get a ...