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  2. Gravel road - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel_road

    When grading or building the road, waterbars are used to direct water off the road. As an alternative method, humps can be formed in the gravel along the road to impede water flow, thereby reducing rutting. Another problem with gravel roads is washboarding — the formation of corrugations across the surface at right angles to the direction of ...

  3. Road surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

    Gravel road in Namibia. Gravel is known to have been used extensively in the construction of roads by soldiers of the Roman Empire (see Roman road) but in 1998 a limestone-surfaced road, thought to date back to the Bronze Age, was found at Yarnton in Oxfordshire, Britain. [45] Applying gravel, or "metalling", has had two distinct usages in road ...

  4. Construction aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregate

    In Europe, sizing ranges are specified as d/D, where the d shows the smallest and D shows the largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass. Application-specific preferred sizings are covered in European Standard EN 13043 for road construction, EN 13383 for larger armour stone, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction, and EN 13450 for railway ...

  5. Macadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

    Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet is sometimes considered the first person to bring post-Roman science to road building. A Frenchman from an engineering family, he worked paving roads in Paris from 1757 to 1764. As chief engineer of road construction of Limoges, he had opportunity to develop a better and cheaper method of road construction. In ...

  6. History of road transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_road_transport

    His method of road building involved digging a large trench in which a foundation of heavy rock was set. He designed his roads so that they sloped downwards from the centre (crown slope), allowing drainage to take place, a major improvement on the work of Trésaguet. The surface consisted of broken stone. He improved on methods for the building ...

  7. Types of road - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_road

    For instance, the Long-Term Pavement Performance database includes more than 30 types of pavement types for roads in the US and Canada. [2] [4] [5] However, a more generic classification of roads based on material type is as follows. [5] [6] Concrete roads; Asphalt roads; Gravel roads; Earthen roads [7] Murrum roads; Kankar roads; Bituminous ...

  8. Gravel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel

    A gravel road in Finland. Gravel is a major basic raw material in construction. [24] Sand is not usually distinguished from gravel in official statistics, but crushed stone is treated as a separate category. In 2020, sand and gravel together made up 23% of all industrial mineral production in the U.S., with a total value of about $12.6 billion.

  9. Grader - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grader

    Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt and gravel roads. In constructing paved roads , they prepare a wide flat base course for the final road surface . Graders are also used to set native soil or gravel foundation pads to finish grade before the construction of large buildings.

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