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This is a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases for purposes of geospatial analysis and cartographic mapping. This list categorizes the sources of interest.
Shapefiles : are a data exchange format created by ESRI and one of the most widely used GIS/geodata formats. One "shapefile" usually include four different files : .shp, .shx, .dbf, .prj. First three files must all be present in order to use the data. Each shapefile can hold only one geometry type.
The shapefile format is a geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software. It is developed and regulated by Esri as a mostly open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products . [ 1 ]
Another development in the 1990s was the public release of proprietary file formats by GIS software vendors, enabling them to be used by other software. The most notable example of this was the publication of the Esri Shapefile format, [ 5 ] which by the late 1990s had become the most popular de facto standard for data sharing by the entire ...
Shapefile – open, hybrid vector data format using SHP, SHX and DBF files (by ESRI) Spatial Data File – high-performance geodatabase format, native to MapGuide (by Autodesk ) TIGER – Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
The National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) is a historical GIS project to create and freely disseminate a database incorporating all available aggregate census information for the United States between 1790 and 2010. The project has created one of the largest collections in the world of statistical census information, much of ...
Shapefile (Esri 1992–present) As the GIS industry grew to incorporate more casual users, the inherent complexity of the coverage data structure became a concern. When Esri released ArcView GIS 2.0 in 1992, it introduced the new shapefile format for vector data. This was a much simpler data model, eliminating features such as topology, but was ...
TIGER logo. Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, or TIGER, or TIGER/Line is a format used by the United States Census Bureau to describe physical and cultural features such as roads, highways, city limits, rivers, and lakes, as well as areas such as census tracts.